ABSTRACT
Heart failure is a prevalent debilitating disease of poor prognosis in which heart cannot fill with or eject the sufficient amount of blood that is required due to structural or functional cardiac disorder. Depression is 4-5 times as common in heart failure [HF] patients as in the general population, and it might confer a higher risk of developing HF and negatively affect prognosis in established HF. To determine the frequency of depression among patients presenting with chronic heart failure. This descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in cardiology department Hayat Abad Medical Complex Peshawar from November 2011 to April 2012. In this study a total of 121 patients were observed by using 13% proportion of depression in heart failure, 95% confidence level and 6% margin of error, under WHO software for sample size determination. Mean age was 55 +/- 1.26 years. Sixty-eight percent patients were male and 32% were female. Fifteen percent patients had chronic heart failure for less than 1 year, 37% had chronic heart failure for 2-3 years and 48% patients had chronic heart failure for 3-4 years. Seventy percent patients had HADS score <11 and 30% had HADS scored of >11. Thirty percent patients had depression in chronic heart failure while 70% did not have depression in heart failure. Depression is common among CHF patients. Severe depression is more frequent than mild depression.
ABSTRACT
To confirm the findings of Computerized Tomography Angiography by invasive angiography. This comparative study on 50 patients fulfilling the inclusion criteria were admitted in cardiology ward. Then they were shifted to catheterization lab of Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar for invasive angiography and segmental analysis of all four vessels i.e. right coronary, left coronary circumflex and left anterior descending artery was done. A total of 50 patients were studied both with CT angio and invasive angio and 750 segments were analyzed for the 4 main arteries that is LMS, LAD, RCA and Circumflex. The sensitivity of CT angiography for the LMS was 87.5%, Specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 97.6%, PPV was 100% and NPV was also 100%. Similarly the diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography for the circumflex was sensitivity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 97.91 to 100%. For RCA the sensitivity was from 60 to 100%, specificity 100%, PPV 100% and NPV 95 to 100%. Coronary CT angio with the highest resolution scanners could be a suitable means for rapid triage of patients presenting to emergency departments with chest pain and for evaluation of patients with equivocal stress test results who might otherwise need invasive angiography